The Relationship Between Mastery of Nahwu Sharf and The Ability to Translate Arabic Texts

In translation, one will face difficulties transferring Arabic texts into Indonesian. There are often many inconsistencies in language change when it has been translated. Nahwu and sharf are often linked to the problem. It is incomplete for someone to learn this nahwu sharf, which makes the Arabic translation imperfect. Likewise with the reality that happened to the 5 th semester students Department of Arabic Teaching, University of Muhammadiyah Malang. This study aims to determine the relationship between mastery of nahwu sharf and the ability to translate Arabic texts into Indonesian. The results of the Pearson Correlations Bivariate test on this test with sig (2-tailed) by 5% and 𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 0.468, showing a result of 0.574 > 0.468, which means 𝑟 𝑥𝑦 > 𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 . This study shows a significant relationship between the two variables. Based on correlation results = 0.574, it is located at intervals 0.40 – 0.599, which means the relationship between the two variables lies at a medium-level correlation. This answer is that mastery of nahwu sharf is not the only aspect that influences translation skills; various other aspects influence the ability to translate Arabic texts.


Introduction
The problem of learning foreign languages, including Arabic, lies in two things, namely linguistic and nonlinguistic problems.Linguistic problems include qawa'id (nahwu-sharf).
Qawa'id, one of the branches of Arabic, has an essential function and role for every Arabic learner.(Nasiruddin, 2019) According to some Arabic linguists, nahwu and sharf should take precedence over learning Arabic before learning other branches.On the other hand, nahwu and sharf learning require an appropriate learning method, which is chosen and determined based on the learning objectives, approaches, methods, and learning techniques (Muhammad, 2020).
Nahwu and sharf are the two of most frequently discussed aspects of learning Arabic (Sari, 2017).Etymologically nahwu means road and direction (Al Fairuz Abadi, 1971).As for the terminology of nahwu science is a way to learn the rules of preparing sentences and words in Arabic (Darwin, 2021).Shaykh Musthafa al-Ghulayaini defines nahwu as a tool that studies the basic forms of Arabic both in terms of letters and the determination of the final harakah of words according to his position in a sentence (I'rab and bina') (Al-Ghulayaini, 2008).
In his book al-Khashaish, Ibn Jinni revealed, "The purpose of nahwu for non-Arab speakers is as an approach to the way of speaking native Arabic speakers in situations of changing i'rab and bina'.Such as tastniyah, jama' tahqir, taksir, idhafah, nasab, tarkib, and so on, so that non-Arab speakers can follow the pronunciation of native Arabic speakers.If they go out of the bounds of understanding, then they can be referred back to the previous rules of nahwu."(Jinni, 2008).Because the misreading of "al-Lahn" on the language culture of the Arab people will be called not fluent anymore (Roji, 2020).
Yabaty defines nahwu etymologically means al-janib (aspect), al-miqdar (measure), al-mitsal (example), or al-qashd (meaning).Terminologically nahwu means: "Nahwu is the science of the Arabic word i'rab in which structural matters, such as rafa', nashab, jar, jazm, or mabni (does not change under any circumstances."(Yunisa, 2022).The discussion of nahwu is dominated by the problem of i'rab.Therefore, some say that at first nahwu was known as i'rab, which is a science that talks about the state of vocabulary in Arabic in terms of i'rab and bina', so that the final state of the word can be known to form a certain sense in the classification of rafa', nasab, jar, or jazm, or the final provisions of the word are fixed (mabni) as before entering into the sentence.Such a classification is called i'rab in Arabic grammar (Fiddaroini, 2012).
Sharf is one of the studies of Arabic besides nahwu and balaghah.The definition of sharf according to classical Arabic scholars such as al-Zinjany is (Taufik, 2016): ‫مقصودة."‬ ‫ملعان‬ ‫أمثلة‬ ‫ألى‬ ‫الواحد‬ ‫األصل‬ ‫"تحويل‬ "The root word changes to several different (new) forms because of changes in certain meanings." In simple terms, sharf is the science of changing a sentence from its origin in several different forms of example due to several desired meanings.Such as fi'il madhi, fiil mudlari, masdar, isim masdar, fi'il amar, isim zaman, isim makan, and others (Mokhammad, 2020).It can be concluded that sharf is a person's ability to understand the origin of words and the conversion of Arabic sentences into other forms according to the desired meaning (Muhamad Bisri Ihwan, 2022).
Each field of science has its benefits and functions, and each benefit depends on the content of the discussion listed in the discipline itself.There are benefits of studying sharf as knowledge, 2548-6616 | e-ISSN 2548-6624 such as maintaining oral knowledge from the mispronunciation of each lafazh in sentences and maintaining Arabic rules in Arabic texts (Shohibul Anwar, 2019).Because of these two (nahwu and sharf) are important as references in learning Arabic, there is the expression of some scholars (ulama) if "Sharf is the parent of all sciences and nahwu is the father" (Ilmi, 2021).
The difference between nahwu and sharf lies in the discussion of each word.If sharf is talking about lafazh that has not been listed in a sentence, nahwu examines each lafazh when it is in a sentence (An'im, 2008).Nahwu explores the rules of letters, lafazh, sentences, and sound suffix in a lafazh.While sharf explores the changes of pattern in fi'il (verb) both fi'il madhi and fi'il mudhari', the form of amr (command), the changes of patterns in fi'il to derivative nouns, also in fa'il (perpetrators) the subject to changes in fi'il patterns according to the medical (Hazani, 2018).
In practice, studying nahwu and sharf aims to bring its understanding to the skills of reading and writing Arabic texts.It also gives birth to proficiency in applying Arabic rules to various linguistic situations, as well as the ability to know the position of the word in a sentence (nahwu) and the ability to be able to determine the form of the word (sharf).Determining the form of words in a sentence must be assisted by understanding the text read (fahm al-maqru'), which cannot be obtained without mastery of mufrada> t (Ahmad, 2022).
A person's language skills are assessed in various aspects of the language capabilities they learn.The ability to read, write, listen, and speak is the primary thing that must be mastered in learning a language.In addition, one of the skills that must be strengthened in learning a foreign language is the ability to translate (Misbah, 2006).Adapted from Armenian, "turjuman" which is commensurate with "tarjaman" is interpreted as someone who gives a derivative of the word into another language so that the speaker of the target language can understand the meaning of the word being spoken (Shalihah, 2017).Understandably, translation is an attempt to divert foreign languages so that the messages contained in the source language can be interpreted and understood by the target language speakers (Nur, 2019).
Translating Arabic is closely related to learning Arabic; naturally, a person will face problems translating Arabic texts directly into Indonesian.Likewise, the reality occurs to the 5 thsemester students in the Department of Arabic Teaching, University of Muhammadiyah Malang.Some claimed that some are not fluent in translating Arabic texts into Indonesian.
Departing from previous research with a discussion of the subject matter regarding the relationship between vocabulary and the ability to speak Arabic produces a strong correlation.As well as researching students' errors in translating Arabic reading materials into Indonesian, one aspect of the cause is the mastery of nahwu sharf.From here, researchers are interested and intend to discover the relationship between mastery of nahwu sharf and the ability to translate Arabic texts into Indonesian.This study aims to find out a.) Is there a connection between the two?b.) What impact does Nahwu Sharf have on translation?c.) What if someone does not master nahwu and sharf?d.) How much is correlation degree between nahwu and sharf mastery in translating Arabic text?Will the same result be found by comparing the two variables, or will a different correlation result from previous studies?

Method
This research uses correlational quantitative methods with two types of variables as a research concept.The concept of research has two variables (Neuman & Robson, 2014), each categorized into a free variable (X) and a bound variable (Y).The two variables will give birth to a hypothesis in the form of an influence between variables (X) and variables (Y).Variable (X) is the mastery of the nahwu sharf, and variable (Y) is the ability to translate Arabic text.The data collection technique was obtained through nahwu sharf mastery tests, tests of the ability to translate Arabic, and questionnaires.The experimental class, which is also the object of research, was taken from a sample of the 5 th -semester students in the Department of Arabic Teaching, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, with 20 respondents.are the aspects that are tested.(Nasrum, 2018).To obtain valid and adequate data on a small sample, the normality test used is Shapiro Wilk normality test (Quraisy, 2020).The data obtained from the test results using SPSS version 28.0 is as follows: The hypothesis test analysis in this study used a comparison of frequency distribution tables of the two variables.Because the data obtained has been distributed normally, the type of statistical test taken is a parametric statistical test (Orcan, 2020).The parametric statistical test analysis used in this research was Pearson Correlations analysis, which determines presence or absence of a relationship between the two variables (Konold, 2018).Based on the formulation of the problem, the following research hypothesis was formed as:   = There is a correlation between the rule of nahwu sharf with the ability to translate Arabic texts of the 5 th -semester students' Department of Arabic Teaching, University of Muhammadiyah Malang. 0 = There is no correlation between the rule of nahwu sharf with the ability to translate arabic texts of the 5 th -semester students' Department of Arabic Teaching, University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Result
Someone new to learning Arabic also needs time to master the language.Sometimes, someone will find it easy to learn and sometimes difficult to solve the problem.Not only a beginner but also an Arabic linguist is still often found inconsistent in translating Arabic texts into Indonesian.It is still common to find errors in the translation of the language.Indonesians interested in learning Arabic must have encountered many problems that must be overcome, both linguistic and nonlinguistic (Faedurrohman, 2018), as well as the problematic phenomenon that occurs in students of the 5 th -semester students.Table 3 rd shows that the highest nahwu score was 100, achieved by one student, while the lowest nahwu score was 30, achieved by one student.On the other hand, the highest sharf score was 90, achieved by one student, while the lowest nahwu score was 20, achieved by one student.After knowing the value of mastering nahwu and sharf, the researcher will display the value of the ability to translate Arabic texts and the average value of nahwu and sharf.Here is the table.

Conclusion
Nahwu and sharf are interconnected rules that cannot be separated.Sharf is the mother of all knowledge in Arabic, while nahwu is the father.Tarjamah is a language study skill that transfers foreign languages (Arabic) into the national language (Indonesia).A language learner must have experienced difficulties in the process of translating Arabic texts.In this case, one of the causative factors is associated with the mastery of the rules of nahwu and sharf that were owned.The object of the problem in this study is the 5 th -semester students' Department of Arabic Teaching, University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
The results of the hypothesis test using the Pearson's Correlations Bivariate test obtained results (  ) = 0.574 with signification (sig-2 tailed) as much as 5% and   = 0.468, showing a correlation of 0.574 > 0.468, which means   >   , so  0 rejected and   accepted.Based on the correlations   = 0.574, then   is located at intervals 0.40 -0.599, which means the relationship of the two variables lies at the degree of medium-level correlation.From the hypothesis test research results, it can be concluded that "There is a significant relationship between mastery of nahwu sharf and the ability to translate Arabic texts into Indonesian students of 5 th -semester students Department of Arabic Teaching, University of Muhammadiyah Malang."However, the results of the correlation study of the two variables above are only at the level of moderate degrees, not at strong or perfect levels.
The rules of nahwu and sharf are only one of the aspects that affect a person's language skills, especially in terms of translation.This research shows that the quality of a person's language skills depends not only on one type of quantity or quality of understanding alone, but also on other skills such as vocabulary aspects, teacher motivation towards learners, learning media, delivery methods, and so on.This research contribution is expected to be one of the answers to various questions related to problems in Arabic translation.This research is also expected to motivate Arabic learners who want to improve the quality of translation.However, this study also did not escape from various shortcomings.Hopefully, this research can also be a reference and improvement for further quality Arabic language research.[]

Table 2
(Santoso, 2014) known that the signification value of Shapiro Wilk's data normality test on nahwu sharf is 0.427 >0.05 and the signification value in tarjamah testing is 0.488 >0.05.If the data obtained is calculated greater than the signification value amounting to  = 5% = 0,05, so  0 accepted(Santoso, 2014)It was concluded that Shapiro Wilk's normality testing in the table above showed normal distribution data.

Table 4 .
Nahwu-Sharf and Translation scoresTable4th shows that the highest average value of nahwu sharf mastery was 85, achieved by three students, while the lowest average value of nahwu sharf mastery was 35, achieved by one student.On the other hand, the highest translation value was 90, achieved by one student, while the lowest nahwu score was 30, achieved by one student.After getting the results of both the calculation of the value of mastery nahwu sharf and the value of the ability to translate Arabic text into Indonesian, furthermore, researchers will test the initial hypothesis formulation of whether there is a relationship between mastery of nahwu sharf and the ability to translate Arabic texts into Indonesian.To get accurate results, researchers usedThe 5 th table above summarizes correlation results using Bivariate Pearson Correlations of both variables, namely mastery of nahwu and sharf with the ability to translate Arabic text into Vol.8 No. 2 | 190-192 Copyright © 2023 | ARABI | p-ISSN 2548-6616 | e-ISSN 2548-6624 learning the science of nahwu and sharf are students' different educational backgrounds, interests, and motivations.